Family essay writing
Ba Essay Topics
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Gene technology Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Quality innovation - Lab Report Example The plasmid is 3.5 kb in size (Fig.5). It has two ECoRI limitation locales, subsequently should break any recombinant DNA into two sections, for example ~3.5 kb and the embedded DNA. In our investigation â⬠There are three sections of DNA which shows that the embedded PCR item should have one ECoRI site. The ECoRI site in the PCR item is set nearly in the center breaking it into two sections, viz. 600 bp and 800 bp (Fig. 6). Understanding - It gives the idea that the supplement has two limitation destinations for NCoI (Fig 7). In any case, position of the locales would bring about a DNA section littler than 1.5 kb (the all out size of the addition), the size disparity is hard to clarify. Understanding â⬠This outcome is absolutely surprising! The groups relating to both the limitation proteins, for example at 1.0 kb, 2.5 kb, 3.0 kb are there however furthermore there are three other middle size DNA sections. The groups give off an impression of being intermediates delivered because of fair-minded assimilation of the recombinant by the two limitation proteins. Reason â⬠Concentration of the chemicals was less, time of brooding is not exactly ideal or hatching conditions were insufficient. Adequate time ought to be given for the limitation catalysts to follow up on all the destinations. ii. NcoI assimilation (Lane 4) â⬠the limitation locales have all the earmarks of being not quite the same as mine (Fig 4a). The NcoI destinations have all the earmarks of being nearer during the 16S rDNA separated by this understudy and offer ascent to a DNA piece of 600 bp. Janda M. what's more, Abbott S.L. (2007). 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses, Perils, and Pitfalls. J. Clin Microbiol. 2007 September; 45(9): 2761ââ¬2764. Khare N., Sharma D., Somashekar U., Prakash A., Prakash S., Mendki M.J. what's more, Anvikar A. (2008). Location of bacterial DNA in cholesterol nerve stones. The Internet Journal of Surgery 16 (2). Accessible from
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Design Strategy of Obamas Campaign
Structure Strategy of Obamas Campaign Presentation What exactly degree did the structure technique of Obamas battle add to his mass prevalence and triumph in 2008 followed by a spiral move in popular supposition before the finish of 2010? Research strategies Meeting the innovative executive of the crusade to increase a compact review of what was expected of the plan group. Discover a particular correspondence procedures that may have been forced on them and investigate the purposes for their structure decisions (hues, textual styles, utilization of symbolism, designs and so forth). Explore if any key showcasing methods were utilized to advance Obama a similar way a mass utilization item would be sold. Research all diaries, expositions and articles identifying with the subject of political crusade methodologies, plan systems, and correspondence procedures. Quest news stories for intellectual surveys and assessments of battle achievement and current kickback. Direct a careful examination of the Designing Obama book that contains the whole structure technique utilized by Scott Thomas. Confinements of study Because of the way this is an extremely ongoing occasion the measure of nitty gritty and succinct distributions dependent on the point are rare. The main part of the examination should depend on Internet wellsprings of news stories, savant online journals and a quest for applicable theses distributed by the scholarly network. Association of the exposition What exactly degree did the structure procedure of Obamas battle add to his mass prevalence and triumph in 2008 followed by an outspread move in popular sentiment before the finish of 2010? Addressed by means of the accompanying contentions: Social scene of America helpful for political publicizing Clique of character development by means of outfitting of broad communications Misdirecting and subconscious impact of plan Desires for the open excessively high from vague and conflicting correspondence Fundamental Body Laying everything out America in 2008 was not the encouraging sign it had once been. There was rising joblessness and a money related emergency that had brought the countrys economy smashing down. Destitution was expanding quickly and individuals were loosing homes because of abandonments. The nation was greatly miserable that America was all the while partaking in the Afghanistan struggle and to top everything, there had been 8 years under the Bush organization that had seen its most minimal endorsement evaluations ever (underneath 40%). Running corresponding to this was an America that had gotten so absolutely soaked by promoting this would one say one was of the main aspects of correspondence individuals would react to (research to demonstrate this?). Portray the normal american experience? (how regularly they see promotions, how well they react). The gigantic fixation on big name culture in blend with the developing worldwide informal organizations had made it too simple to even think about giving ascent to a religion of character. America was asking for change now, which left them helpless to wise advertising and plan techniques. It was against this background in the approach the 2008 Presidential Election backing and energy for Obama was expanding at a sensational rate coming full circle in a craze when of his triumph and initiation in January 2009. Building trust through predictable structure From the earliest starting point of the battle the plan group realized they would need to repress the open view of Obamas inability by means of his visual introduction. The system utilized was to actualize the timelesshes as of now president feel (vimeo) into his image picture. The utilization of consistency was essential as one thing that structure can understand with consistency is [to] establisha feeling of balanceit can likewise reallygive the visual impression that hes unimaginably experienced. (vimeo). fig1. Master utilization of consistency in the visual correspondence makes Obama appear to be sorted out, experienced and skillful. Thomas (2010, p. 78) Because of their reminiscent force, plan and marking components can make a steady bond among voters and the candidatewe needed to inspire the inclination that he was a recognizable figure whose traits and qualities they could identify with and trust. Discussion about logo, steady marking, Thomas (2010) You can utilize great structure and in a specific way it obscures the lines a piece. Another procedure to divert from Obamas inability was to underscore how notable the crusade was. As opposed to just expressing this in the correspondence the whole stylish was structured around old chronicled materials. We needed to pull from symbolism of the past to convey the noteworthy idea of the battle (vimeo). fig2. Certain data was planned utilizing genuine recorded reports found in neighborhood documents for a legitimate vintage feel. This technique featured the significance of the battle as well as utilizing symbolism that took after chronicled archives, similar to the first affirmation of freedom, inspired a feeling of energy and American notion, which could have a solid subconscious impact. Obamas faction of character A faction of character emerges when an individual uses broad communications, promulgation, or different techniques, to make a romanticized and gallant open picture (Wikipedia, 2008). Before the finish of Obamas battle obviously this was starting to become reality. Symbolism of Obama showed up in displays, on boards and around the city as road craftsmanship or spray painting, by far most of it in full help of him. What's more there were gigantic assortments of Obama stock being sold by free road merchants everywhere throughout the nation. Interpersonal organizations were humming with his name, autonomous bloggers were keeping a close eye on him and grassroots occasions, utilizing the equivalent Obama visual structure for flyers and banners, were going on consistently. Despite the fact that the visual woven artwork of Obama that had been weaved the nation over was a cooperative exertion from several individual donors outside the scope of brand control, it despite everything kept up ele vated levels of visual consistency. This was because of the profoundly proficient and straightforward marking rules that necessary just the utilization of the Obama logo and typeface to make any visual creation show up some portion of the general promoting system. To an unshakable and prepared vote based or republican supporter the decision of political competitor would in any case have been simple. In any case, for a more youthful or less sentenced voter with no strong perspective (look into proposes there are increasingly more of these individuals) they could be vulnerable to correspondence dependent on influence in which voters, lacking suffering political feelings, are incited to help a specific up-and-comer or gathering at political race time. (Swanson, 2004). This would be especially powerful given the clique of character presented to Obama by the media inclusion of him and from his hero status fuelled by ordinary supports from superstars and performers. fig3. Obama included in a music video by the dark peered toward peas that transformed his trademark into a song of devotion It is conceivable that because of this Obama free for all it had gotten chic to be an Obama supporter and the idea of not deciding in favor of a competitor that was new, youthful, imaginative, enthusiastic, and whose very standards were enhancing the city, appeared to be deserving of criticism. Cause youll be genuine humiliated in the event that he won and you wasnt down with it. (Chris Rock) Influence of innovation to build reach Decision in favor of Obama making the democratic procedure simple ought to practically speaking empower all the individuals with clear feelings to decide in favor of the applicant they realize they need. Actually it permits unsure voters to pick an applicant they may not so much have confidence in however vote in any case by means of friend pressure, faction of character, usability wht not? This outcomes in mistaken suppositions of general conclusion being drawn from the survey. Straightforwardness of brand all brand resources accessible for download so anybody can make visuals that take after the authority Obama brand material. This makes a feeling of solidarity with the brand. Furthermore, the ensuing outcome is a feeling that the brand is actually wherever as the whole grassroots development is marked and gives off an impression of being a piece of the general plan procedure. Limit devastation adaptability of the logo permits it to be custom fitted to any gathering who need to be related with Obama or essentially show their help. The messed up limits make a feeling of solidarity and add to the impression of overall brand immersion. A False Revolution So as to permit the worldwide network of specialists to contribute, the battle group started the Artists For Obama banner arrangement. As per Thomas (2010, p. 127) [the] thought was to welcome craftsmen to take part in the formation of another sort of battle banner, one that would be the outflow of the individual craftsman as opposed to an emphasis of crusade materials. The principal commitment to this activity was a banner by Shepard Fairey and to many, his greeting appeared to be nonsensical. He is a notable road craftsman who has fabricated his notoriety on mutilating open structures and making work with tremendous insurgent undertones. His crusade banner has been esteemed the most notorious picture of Obama ever made, yet its indistinct if the visual of Obama over the word HOPE was proposed to be amusing. fig4. A differentiation between Shepard Faireys past defiant stylish and the Obama banner. To the vast majority this banner represented the insurgency that was coming however considering the lost excitement following Obamas administration the inquiry is if this amazing picture made a bogus expectation of transformation in the brains of the American individuals. Thomas (2010) Ive sort of heard that tone, whereShepard Faireys posterhad this defiant stylish that could have played into the psyches of those that idea this would have been a revolutionchanging Washington DC from the back to front. Since the Obama furor has died down obviously the unrest individuals were seeking after hasnt occurred. In a meeting with the National Journal, Shepard Fairey remarked on his arrangement to contribute wor
Friday, August 21, 2020
Green Computing in Botswana
Explanation of one of the Prescribed Journal Articles - Essay Example Presenting the job of medical caretakers in the exceptional managerial area in Hong Kong, the creator centers around workforce, instructive and practice issues, just as on authority in nursing. In a huge end to the article, David R. Thompson proposes that there should be a powerful vital arrangement to decide adequate quantities of appropriately instructed nurture in Hong Kong. In this article investigation paper, the center has been an intelligent examination of the contentions made by Thompson in his article deciding the focal contentions and surveying the legitimacy of the fundamental focuses. In the initial segment of the article, Thompson centers around the fundamental the job of medical attendants in the exceptional regulatory district (SAR) in Hong Kong and the writer is insistent about the significance of nursing to wellbeing and medicinal services improvements in the locale. Hence, he clarifies the significance of nursing with respect to coordinate consideration, care coordination, wellbeing advancement, and wellbeing training. The medical caretakers of the district manage these basic capacities in clinics just as network. ââ¬Å"Nurses and nursing are vital to wellbeing and human services improvements occurring in Hong Kong, at the very least since medical attendants involve around 40% of the social insurance workforce. Medical attendants assume a key job in the arrangement of direct consideration, care coordination, wellbeing advancement, and wellbeing training, both in clinics and in the network. Quality and wellbeing, driven by quality improvement programs and th e advancement of proof based practice, have been two highlights that are key to nursing and healthcare.â⬠(Thompson 2006, P 158). Subsequently, as indicated by the creator, instructive planning and proceeding with proficient advancement of medical caretakers are of essential significance in Hong Kong. Looking like some other nations, nursing is encountering a few critical difficulties in Hong Kong and the creator extensively groups those under four subjects. These noteworthy difficulties standing up to nursing in Hong Kong are
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Similarities and Differences Essay Topics Secrets
Similarities and Differences Essay Topics Secrets The Hidden Treasure of Similarities and Differences Essay Topics You only need to order a very good essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. To collect such info, a detailed main research is demanded. Students who excel in writing about such complex topic could have an opportunity to be enrolled into a number of the very best Art universities to come up with their abilities and talent. Both small and big universities can provide students with the opportunities to reach educational objectives. The Similarities and Differences Essay Topics Stories There is a fixed clip for tiffin. You also know how to discover sources and the very best kind to utilize in your paper to ensure it is relevant and interesting. After you get started considering these factors, you will have a lot of ideas popping up in your mind. Add textual elements to think of the last draft. Furthermore, these essays permit students develop critical thinking skills to approach a range of topics. You see it is an unusual topic which may be quite tough to imagine or explain, but some students might just turn that topic into a masterpiece. Students don't need any prior understanding of bullying. In these instances, you will have to compose an essay or report to examine your ideas about the subject. This moment, you must find out more about the topic to see the facts that contradict your thesis. You have to research your topic to select three claims. Lucky for you, there are a lot of topics you could concentrate on when writing and it's all your responsibility to establish the precise topic that you would like to build on. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Similarities and Differences Essay Topics There are similarities and differences between both countries, like expectations of relatives and structuring, along with religious practices, traditions, and art. Should you choose to want to coincide with the start and ending, I suggest Ezra. You don't necessarily must analyze the life span of people from exactly the same region or field of activity. It is essential for them to incorporate a bullying situation, why it's wrong, and the way to rectify the scenario. Wh at You Should Do to Find Out About Similarities and Differences Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind Just be certain that it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. Both positive and negative things change. For example an individual may opt for a topic like, life in the shoes of a werewolf. For instance, if you want more, you must spend more. Similarities and Differences Essay Topics - Overview It is the only thing that could spell the difference between a fantastic day and a bad one. These days, it's among the most common live games and each on-line casino that respects itself (and the customer demand) features a minumum of one Baccarat table with an expert dealer. After you have read our helpful on-line article, we'd love to provide something you couldn't even imagine. If you like it is possible to look online and find one which you like. Things You Should Know About Similarities and Differences Essay Topics The trick here is to choose a topic that's very specific and interesting. Chancing upon a mechanic is just what you want to do. Picking out the appropriate topics might take a while in case you don't have a list of sample topics before you. Naturally, this doesn't make it a rather simple job and there are a few rules and tips you should know about before starting to compose a comparative essay. In the flip side, there are 3 differences between residing in a home and apartment. These family patterns work in the workplace. You should find the right set up for your house and get it installed. Although traveling on agencies seting to some other environment. The very first thing you ought to do is identify the form of compare and contrast essay which you are handling. You have to present your topic, obviously, and also your thesis statement that has the function of indicating to your readers what is the probable path of the full work. The first thing which you have to do before you get start ed writing is to opt for an acceptable topic to write about. So now you understand how to pick the best compare and contrast topics and the various segments you require to address when writing. If you're on the lookout for a proofread biology essay example, don't be afraid to read the subsequent article you'll be able to don't hesitate to use this paper for a template. You can attract books, movies or articles which are discussing exactly the same topic you're likely to approach in your essay. You may use the suggested topics as inspiration for your own, or you could simply decide to write about one you enjoy the most. To compose a high-quality paper, you've got to understand how to select your topic properly and utilize it to create a practical outline. A number of the similarity between lpn and RNs are that they're closely governed by the board of nursing and always need to be in compliance. If necessary, you could always turn to professionals to supply you with a nudge or assist you with your topics or sources. Women usually deal with children at home. Finding the perfect topic isn't the hardest job in the planet, all you need to do is to take a few factors under consideration. In most instances, the topics you select should be closely related. Here we'll look at a couple of the principal similarities and differences between Mitosis and Meiosis. Meiosis produces sex cells also referred to as gametes. It leads to organism replication.
Friday, May 15, 2020
Pope Urban II Odo of Lagny
Pope Urban II was known for beginning the Crusade Movement, instigating with his call to arms at the Council of Clermont. Urban also continued and expanded on the reforms of Gregory VII, and helped the papacy become a stronger political unit. Urban studied at Soissons and then at Reims, where he became archdeacon, before becoming a monk and retiring to Cluny. There he became prior, and after only a few years was sent to Rome to assist Pope Gregory VII in his attempts at reform. He proved invaluable to the pope, and was made a Cardinal and served as a papal legate. Upon Gregorys death in 1085 he served his successor, Victor II ââ¬â¹until Victor died. He was then elected pope in March 1088, and influenced affairs throughout France, Italy, Europe, and the Holy Land. Also known as:à Odo of Chà ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Odon of Chà ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Eudes of Chà ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Odo of Lagery, Otho of Lagery, Odo of Lagny Important Dates Born: c. 1035Elected Pope: March 12, 1088Speech at Council of Clermont: Nov. 27, 1095Died: July 29, 1099 The Pontificate of Urban II As pope, Urban had to deal with the antipope Clement III and the ongoing Investiture Controversy. He was successful in asserting his legitimacy as pope, but his reform policies did not take thorough hold throughout Europe. He did, however, establish a softer stance on the Investiture Controversy that would later make a resolution possible. Long aware of the difficulties pilgrims had been having in the Holy Land, Urban used Emperor Alexius Comnenos call for help as the basis for calling Christian knights to arms in the First Crusade. Urban also called together several important church councils, including those at Piacenza, Clermont, Bari, and Rome, passing notable reform legislation. Sources Butler, Richard U.à Pope Bl. Urban II.à The Catholic Encyclopedia.à Vol. 15.à New York: Robert Appleton Company,à 1912. Halsall, Paul. ââ¬Å"Medieval Sourcebook: Urban II (1088-1099): Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, Five Versions of the Speech.â⬠à Internet History Sourcebooks Project, Fordham University, Dec. 1997.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Rise Of Globalization And Commercial Nationalism
Consuming The Consumer The rise of globalization has created a demand for consumable goods on a scale never before seen on Earth. For the first time in the history of the world, products can be sold and purchased by almost anyone, everywhere at anytime. This, coupled with the rise of ââ¬Å"creditâ⬠purchasing throughout the industrialized world has granted buying power to even the lowest classes of the worldââ¬â¢s population. Consumerism as it stands is not sustainable. Product Branding has the ability to place value on everything from education to cell phones. With that in mind, we find ourselves buying experiences and goods we rarely require, but are often told we need. Consequently, brand recognition may also be applied to developing countries wishing to establish a marketable identity. These countries seek to create an economic advantage through national branding that can improve loyalty as well as a sense individual belonging of its citizens. Nevertheless both global consumerism and commercial nationalism need to be considered when looking at the benefits or detriments of branding. In 1902, Thorstein Veblen labeled a middle section of society as the ââ¬Å"Leisure Class.â⬠This class possessed purchasing power beyond basic necessities. This class required goods that set them apart from the other (and often lower) classes of society. They wished to differentiate themselves by reflecting status through possessed goods. Veblen writes, ââ¬Å"In order to be reputable it [goods] must beShow MoreRelatedHitler s Role During The Holocaust Essay1154 Words à |à 5 Pagesof the Germans. In, Anti-Semitism Through the Ages written by John Wiess, discrimination of Jews in nineteenth century Europe spawns from five sources: commercial, Christianity, political ideologies, anthropology and growing ethnic nationalism. Three of the sources, commercial, ethnic nationalism and anthropology significantly aided Hitlerââ¬â¢s rise to power. The key to understanding the reasons why Hitler rose to power is Anti-Semitism. Hitlerââ¬â¢s support for the Holocaust might not have been so ferociousRead MoreChinas Global Political Crisis2296 Words à |à 10 Pagesglobal political stage, with even the United States getting involved. These six countries lay overlapping claims to the East and South China Sea, because the area is rich in hydrocarbons and natural gas and also because the area is important as a commercial shipping route. China seeks to use the islands to expand its maritime presence and has been growing its assertiveness from regional claimants like Japan, Vietnam, and th e Philippines. The increasingly frequent standoffs range from, the Diaoyo/SenkakuRead MoreChinas Next Big Move2305 Words à |à 10 Pagesglobal political stage, with even the United States getting involved. These six countries lay overlapping claims to the East and South China Sea, because the area is rich in hydrocarbons and natural gas and also because the area is important as a commercial shipping route. China seeks to use the islands to expand its maritime presence and has been growing its assertiveness from regional claimants like Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The increasingly frequent standoffs range from, the Diaoyo/SenkakuRead MoreIndia s An Imposition Of Western Culture2701 Words à |à 11 Pageswill explore the phenomenon of Bollywood and analyze it as a product of consumerism in India that reflects both the fault lines of globalization and the failures of commercial culture. This will be done by providing a historical context to globalization; an overview of Indi aââ¬â¢s independence movement and emergence as a nation, a brief overview of Bollywood as a commercial entity and identify parallel cultural and economic trends. This essay will proceed to reveal Bollywood as an imposition of WesternRead MoreAdvertising Industry. Case of Turkey2163 Words à |à 9 Pagesadvertising activity in a country, giving rise to an increase in trade with more product and brand alternatives, and larger firms with higher advertising budgets (Sà ¶nmez, 2006). Furthermore, Akan (2007) in her article mentions structural changes in advertising industry. An examination of the distribution of advertising spending among different media shows that television had a share of 38.0% out of the total advertising spending in the year 2005, following a constant rise in the past decade (Reklamcà ±larRead MoreThe International Marketplace : How Can They Customize Products For The Demand Of New Markets?6294 Words à |à 26 Pagestransport, and travel. It has made isolated places and impoverished peoples eager for modernityââ¬â¢s allurements. Almost everyone everywhere wants all the things they have heard about, seen, or experienced via the new technologies. The result is a new commercial realityââ¬âthe emergence of global markets for standardized consumer products on a previously unimagined scale of magnitude. Corporations geared to this new reality benefit from enormous economies of scale in production, distribution, marketing, andRead MoreMega Events Like The Olympics And Fifa World Cup2251 Words à |à 10 Pagescould be used to motivate the youth of France. Christopher Hill in his book Olympic Politics ââ¬Å"men and women may rise within sport on merit, but their careers cannot be understood in isolation from the broader political backgroundâ⬠(Hill, 1996). The Games as Coubertin envisioned them required an ideology in order to magnify and propel the Olympics. The worlds craving for globalization provided the Olympics its spark. Coubertin wanted the games to stand for more than just sport., intended to spreadRead MoreThe Globalization of Markets6962 Words à |à 28 PagesThe globalization of markets Theodore Levitt The worldwide success of a growing list of products that have become household names is evidence that consumers the world over, despite deep-rooted cultural differences, are becoming more and more alike - or, as the author puts it, homogenized. In consequence, he contends, the traditional MNCs strategy of tailoring its products to the needs of multiple markets may put it at a severe disadvantage vis-a-vis competitors who apply marketing imaginationRead MoreConsumer Culture in China and the Middle Class Essay2720 Words à |à 11 Pagesaid to nationalism. According to Gerth, Chinese consumption trends in the 1920s were directed by the slogan ââ¬ËChinese should consume China made productsââ¬â¢ (4). The motive behind this trend was to encourage the consumption of Chinese products, and nationalism was used to foster this belief and trend (Gerth 4). Consumption at this early age can be assumed to having been directed by the government, which used to regulate the goods which were con sumed by its citizens. The onset of globalization shiftedRead MoreInternational Management Study3118 Words à |à 13 Pages(situation where all of the future debt obligations of a government are different from the future income streams) -Other issues: natural disasters such as 2011 earthquake in Japan, flood in Thailand, Political uncertainty in China and Middle East -Globalization has compounded the types and level of business risks. *Typical challenges that managers face involve politics, cultural differences, global competition, Terrorism and Technology. Managers in companies are struggling to find ways to balance their
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Savings and Time Value for Money
Question: Discuss about the Savings and Time Value for Money. Answer: Introduction The expression of the time value of money has a lot of attention since according to Louises article and what have been learnt in class. Louises primary concern was on the importance of saving. He argued that money saved increases in value. For example, if $100 is invested today it will increase in value. This is because interest will get earned. By the year end, the amount that will get accredited to the $ 100 will be more than the currently the value of the cash. If it happens that the inflation rate is higher than the rate of interest that will be experienced, then the $100 invested would have a little purchasing power at the year end. It is crucial to get a note of the inflation rate in making decisions on invest savings. In places where the inflation rate is high, or is expected to go up; this mostly happens when there is a currency devaluation, it would be more advisable to invest the cash in buying valuables whose value would remain high even when inflation is high. Some of the valuables include upscale chains and expensive objects for decorations which are not for resale. This is because their relative value would still be high. Although times brings out the opportunity to increase the amount of cash held, inflation reduces the value of this money. For example, money invested in a small business, shares purchased from a company or even bonds and securities purchase, could result in losses in investment with the presence of a significant financial setback (Louise, 2016). The other way in which time value of money can be can get recognized is by noticing that each and every service or work consumes time. The more the time spent on the job, the higher the amount that will get rewarded to the worker. Taking into consideration time and cash, there will be a tremendous increase in the value of cash as time passes by. Lets say that someone was to save around $ 100 on a monthly basis and invest the $ 1200 at every year end for 25 years while earning 5% interest rate per annum, instead of one having the $30,000 invested, one would have a total of up to $ 46,206 by the end of the 25 years. If one were to let the money accumulate for 40 years, the money would yield $ 325,292. The longer the time, the more the value of the money increases. The earlier one starts making his saving, the greater the grand sum received after a period of time (Louise, 2016). The Link Time value of money is a very crucial concept when it comes to financial management. This is because it can be used in comparing the alternatives of various investments and help to solve problems. Some of the issues that the study of time value of money can assist in resolving are loans, mortgages, leases, savings, and annuities among others. Time value of money is based on the concept that the dollar one has on a particular time has more value towards its future. The value of the dollar today is not the same value it will have tomorrow, the value of the dollar tomorrow will be much higher. This is because, the money held today could be invested to generate some profit. This profit will have increased the value of the money. A primary concept in time value of money is that a single sum of money or a series of similar and equally-placed payments or receipts that have been promised in the future can get converted to an equivalent absolute value today. One can also calculate the value t hat the amount one has today will be worth in the future. To calculate the value, the following are important; Interest rate The number of the periods Payments Present value Future value Any of the five elements can get calculated provided the values of the other four are provided. (Schmidt, 2016) Interest Interest is the amount one is charged for borrowing money when paying back. It is the additional amount that one will payback when repaying the loan borrowed. Interest is also the extra payment on saving deposits made into a bank. There are two types of interests; the simple interest and the compound interests. When calculating the value of simple interest, it is only calculated from the principal amount that was borrowed. Compound interest is calculated after each period on the original amount that was borrowed in addition to all the unpaid benefits accumulated to date. Number of Periods Periods are the equal intervals of time. They are not necessarily in term of years, but they have to be equal. This is because each interval should rhyme with a compounding period of the annuity. Payments Payment is the series of equally determined cash flows. Payments can be made as a single sum or can be paid in time periods. Single sums are known as lump sums, whereas periodic payments are referred to as annuities. Present Value The current value is that amount that is today equivalent to the future payments that will get made that has been discounted at an agreed rate. Future Value Future value can get described as the value the money today is expected to yield after it has been subjected to a fixed compounded interest. (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2009, 23) Financial Issue Analysis When dealing with time value of money, it is important to take note of the opportunity cost. A dollar received today can get invested at the moment for it to earn an interest which will increase its value in the future. Contrary, a dollar received in the future cannot start earning its interest until the time its received. This lost opportunity to earn interest is known as the opportunity cost. Due to opportunity cost, time value of money is founded on two principles. More is better that Little Sooner is better than Later These principles are rise to the two-time value of money techniques that are compounding and discounting (Gregory and Wang, n.d.). Compounding Compounding is all about moving money forward to the future. It is the general method of determining the amount of interest that will be earned when an investment is made today. Discounting Discounting is all about moving money backward in time. It can be described as the process by which there is the determination of the present value of money that will get received at a future date. The current value is determined by applying a discount rate to the sums of money to be received in the future. Similarities and Differences The variables used by Louise in the consideration of the time value of money have the same variables as those learnt in class. These variables are those that have been named earlier. However, there have been some differences in the results arrived at. Investing $1200 at the end of every year for 25 years at an interest rate of 5 %. Louise noted that the future value would be $ 46,206. However using the formula below learnt in class, the result is different. Future value ordinary annuity = = = 1200 * 47.7271 = $ 52,273 Also, Louise noted that when the same amount is saved for 40 years, the future value will be $ 325,292. The formula gives a different result. = = = 1200 * 120.80 = $ 144,960 Conclusion Despite having the same variables, the results given by Louise after calculating the future value of the saved money, are different from what is obtained by using the formula learnt in class. Time value is an important factor for making savings investment decisions. References Gregory, A. and Wang, Y. (n.d.). Cash Acquirers: Free Cash Flow, Shareholder Monitoring, and Shareholder Returns.SSRN Electronic Journal. Peterson, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2009). Foundations and applications of the time value of money. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons Schmidt, R. (2016).What You Should Know About The Time Value of Money. [Online] Propertymetrics.com. Available at: https://www.propertymetrics.com/blog/2014/06/17/time-value-of-money/. Louise, F. (2016). LOUISE FAIRSAVE: Time value of money. [Online] www.nationnews.com. Available at: https://www.nationnews.com/nationnews/news/76797/louise-fairsave-value-of-money [Accessed 24 May 2016].
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)