Creatine Monohydrate Essay -- Supplements Chemistry Creatine Essays

Creatine Monohydrate Creatine monohydrate is a body building supplement. Many athletes and trainers use it to enhance athletic performance. College athletics are an advocate for creatine when it comes to exercising and strength conditioning, But what is creatine? Creatine is a naturally occurring metabolite found in red muscle tissue. It is a powerful ergogenic aid that plays an important role in energizing muscle. Creatine increases the body's ability to do work. It is high powered and generates the muscles ultimate energy source - ATP (adenosine triphosphate)- ATP produces the contractions of a muscle's proteins. When muscles are performing work ATP is being broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and energy is given off. The ATP being used usually lasts 10 - 15 seconds. After that the muscle depends on creatine phosphate to restock the ATP. Creatine acts as a reserve for the ATP. Therefore increased amounts of creatine will allow the body to supply ATP at a faster rate. Which, in turn allows an individual to workout longer and maintain a high level of strength. With creatine as a supple)-nent the body is exposed 4 grams of creatine per kilogram. Red meats give 1 gram of creatine per large serving. These increased amounts of creatine slow the possibility of fatigue. Creatine promotes the synthesis of protein, which promotes muscle growth. The loading phase consists of 5 grams 4 - 6 times a day for the first 5 to 7 days. 'f his should be accompanied by at least I hour of exercise. The load should then be reduced after a week to no more than IO grams per day. This is what most of the stores that sell the creatine will tell vou because there aim is to sell the product. Since the product has been... ...ur best bet because it has been proved that loading is not necessary. While creatine is being taken it is necessary that the individual remains hydrated during the early cycles extra water is taken into the cells when creatine enters and this causes minor water retention- This water retention has been related to cramps and heat intolerance. The majority of the advocates for creatine didn't report any side effects. In most instances when the question was raised, the articles said, "Yes, it's safe. No negative side effects noted in research with recommended levels of supplement." All of these people were involved with sales and advertisement of the product also. An article on a review of creatine was the most effective in providing insight on creatine because it didn't have anything to do with promotions of it. Creatine is safe, it is pure and it works!

The largest bakery

IntroductionGREGGS is the largest bakeshop retail merchant in UK. The historical company foremost founded by John Gregg in 1939, and opened its first store in 1951. After about 60 old ages enlargement, it becomes a nutrient land supplying big scope of fresh nutrient for 5 million clients every hebdomad in over 1,400 net stores. During this period, a little bakeshop store became a nutrient giant with to the full developed distribution centres providing freshness and quality nationally. Meanwhile they besides faced obstruction on their manner to multinational. The failure in Belgium is a warning of their enlargement. As the purpose to decide the impact from economic recession, 10 Belgium stores were resolutely closed in last twelvemonth. The study analysis GEREGGS ‘ public presentation in 2008 from their one-year study, and measure its attraction of investing.Fiscal PerformanceBased on the Amalgamate Income Statement ( line 1 Appx. 1 [ Page 5 ] ) , the entire gross revenues ended 27 December 2008 increased by 7.1 % to & A ; lb ; 628.2 million ( compared to & A ; lb ; 586.3 million in 2007 ) , including a 4.4 % rise of like-for-like gross revenues growing. At the same clip, the distribution and merchandising costs rocketed from & A ; lb ; 278.7 million ( 2007 ) to & A ; lb ; 306.6 million ( 2008 ) , by 10 per centum. On the contrary, the net income before revenue enhancement reduced from & A ; lb ; 49 million to & A ; lb ; 45.1 million ( Line 9 Appx.1 [ Page 5 ] ) , a decrease of 7.8 % excepting belongings additions, restructuring costs and exceeding pension recognition, which is non really satisfactory but still acceptable under such fortunes, the clients are delicate and losing assurance. Meanwhile, the operat ing net income dropped by 2.6 per centum to & A ; lb ; 48.6 million ( 2007: & A ; lb ; 49.9million ) . Partially for the ground of the higher Significant addition in energy and ingredient costs therefore more dearly-won of the distribution and merchandising. From the figures above, 23.6 per centum of its hard currency flow contributed to assets. 41 net stores freshly set up in 2008, which are somewhat more than 34 in 2007. Second, the P/E ratio in 10.5 % is still acceptable during the vulnerable economic period of planetary crisis. Third, as a company supplying fresh nutrient, the stock list turnover was keeping at a typical high degree. What ‘s more, the working capital of company is lower than favourable line, nevertheless it dues to the low stock list and to the full usage of hard currency. Finally, the ROA and ROE ratio were keeping singular at 15.4 % and 23.0 % severally. As a investor, GREGGS is an perfectly attractive pick.PositionHarmonizing to the appraisal of GREGGS ‘ fiscal public presentation, a satisfactory consequence was obtained. The entire gross rocketed above 7 per centum, although the net net income is somewhat declined compared with 2007. The economic crisis created series of concatenation actions to the c ompany ‘s day-to-day operation. Since the significant additions in natural stuffs, a higher cost of gas, electricity and fuel straight impact on production and distribution. Meanwhile indirect effects besides raised the cost throughout the supply concatenation. What ‘s more, the increasing cost of ware affected the cost of its indispensable constituents of merchandises, such as flour, meats, wheat, and so on. In order to cover the impact of planetary rising prices, GREGGS improved their efficiency and made accommodation on selling monetary value. Although it is a manner to keep gross, a hazard of disputing clients ‘ trade name trueness merged from such action. Obviously they conquered it good by effectual work on quality, freshness, gustatory sensation and friendly service. From the figures of last Chapter, the Quick ratio besides named Acid trial is a portion of measuring liquidness in short term. It indicates if a company has adequate short-run buttockss to cover its current liabilities. A favourable figure in most of industries is 1:1, but for a nutrient company running under a tight liquidness ( Acerb trial: 36.7 % ) is besides a common happening. Another portion is long term, which is besides called Gearing ratio, measures the relationship between long term liabilities and stockholders ‘ equity. 19.3 % ( Appx.2, Cal. 19, P12 ) is an acceptable degree for stockholders, the involvements on long term debts is controlled to some extent. The company was besides engaged on betterment of their methods of bring forthing nutrient. For a long clip, GREGGS bakeshop made a bulk of its merchandises under its ain formulas, therefore a considerable regional fluctuation. In the last twelvemonth, they implemented a programme in order to consolidate their merchandises. By the terminal of 2009, 80 per centum of merchandises would be harmonized across the state. At the same clip, they responded effectual on clients ‘ demand. Set repast on lower monetary value and inventions of new spirit were introduced to consumers. Equally good as welcomed pieces such as hot sandwiches and pesto baguette would be expanded into more net stores. Besides the chief service they provided, GREGGS made a singular part on societal duty. Firstly it provided a favourable working environment and competitory intervention to employees. They provide scope of public assistances such as, private medical intervention, psychological advisers, and wagess for people. Second, a scheme named ‘ Making a Difference to Communities ‘ is good performed. The GREGGS ‘ Trust founded in 1987 was still running good on roll uping financess to back up local charity. In 2008, they raised and distributed & A ; lb ; 1.8 million assisting local communities. The GREGGS Breakfast Club is supplying free, healthy nutrient for over 6,000 primary school kids. The activities of bettering their merchandises help GREGGS with its selling place, and the repute from taging a difference to communities helps them with their societal positon. Based on the company ‘s satisfactory public presentation on fiscal place, the sensible mark of following twelvemonth would be good accomplished.Cash FlowTake a glimpse at the Cash Flow statement ( Appx.1 Page 7 ) , ( 49 ) hard currency generated from operations was & A ; lb ; 44 million, a 28.6 % decrease by & A ; lb ; 62 million ( 2007 ) , & A ; lb ; 41 million is contributed to ( 50 ) acquisition of belongings, works and equipment compared with & A ; lb ; 42 million in 2007, and ( 59 ) cyberspace hard currency from funding activities was & A ; lb ; 36 million ( 2007 ) to & A ; lb ; 15 million ( 2008 ) . First of wholly, 56.5 % of financess obtained from operations and finance activities were used in investing. Harmonizing to company ‘s program in 2009, there will be an enlargement of net stores. The proportion will travel up. On the other custodies, 7.1 per centum of its hard currency flows were generated from gross revenues. Compared with 10.5 % ( 2007 ) , the increasing cost of natural stuffs contributed to this difference. Last of all, the operations Cash Flow to Current Liabilities Ratio was 96.8 % in 2007, reveals less hard currency influxs therefore more investing of capital.Decision and RecommendationTo sum up, as the biggest nutrient retail merchant, it suffered a respectable impact from increasing universe rising prices. Without inquiry, the twelvemonth 2008 is a important point at GREGGS flight, where they accomplished an acceptable public presentation. In the following twelvemonth, a program of simplifying operations and doing farther enlargement is good prepared. A s figures mentioned before, GREGGS was keeping a comparatively high volume of stock list to equilibrate the impact of lifting cost of stuffs. Under the economic background is unbending up, it would be better to runing at low stock list. Their first measure of fiscal accomplishment in 2009 is a 3.2 per centum of addition in entire gross revenues and a 1.0 per centum of like-for-like gross revenues growing by 7th March, 2009. Sing the conditions influence on their gross revenues, it is a sensible aim. However they underestimated the recovery of the economic position and consumers ‘ assurance.MentionsGreggs Annual ReportDun & A ; Bradstreet Industry and Financial Consulting Services.Industry Norms and Key Business Ratios. Murray Hill, NJ: Dun & A ; Bradstreet Industry and Financial Consulting Services, 2002.Investopedia Dictionary. 14 May 2003. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investopedia.com & gt ; .How do I measure a company ‘s fiscal public presentation? Rollins College Olin Library. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //tars.rollins.edu/olin/businessresearch/fin_perform/index.shtml & gt ;

Analysis Of The Book Alice s Adventures - 1773 Words

In 2010, in partnership with the Walt Disney, Tim Burton arranged to recreate the classic tale â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland†, a famous English storybook written by Lewis Carroll in 1865. Burton’s adaptation of Carroll’s original tale takes quite a few liberties in order to make a more connected message of growth and renewal he believed was needed in order to enhance the story of Alice. The character Alice extracted from such classic tale and the alike lends herself to an interesting discussion relating to feminism and contemporary ideology. It can be said that Lewis Carroll’s â€Å"Alice Adventures in Wonderland† laid a foundation of the feminist Alice while Tim Burton enhanced Alice into becoming a feminist martyr in the film â€Å"Alice in Wonderland†. Even though Burton’s Alice is still trying to find her identity while traveling â€Å"Underland†, she has transformed into a stronger more heroic version of the original Alice. Burton’s adaptation of Lewis Carroll’s original tale takes quite a few liberties in order to make a more cohesive message of progress he believed was needed in order to enhance Carroll’s tale. The plot of â€Å"Alice in Wonderland† still follows Alice Kingsleigh (Mia Wasikowska) as the protagonist but focuses on her later years as it attempts to incorporate film and book. Alice in Wonderland takes place in Victorian England a time where a youthful woman’s career was to be innocent, virtuous and ignorant of intellectual opinion. Alice, at the prime age of 19, isShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Alice s Adventures 1293 Words   |  6 PagesAlice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a novel by Charles Dodgson, better known under the pseudonym of Lewis Carroll to his readers. Published in 1865, the novel centers around a young girl’s lively adventures in a fantastical dream world. She falls into this world after she sees a rabbit with a pocket watch and waistcoat running through her yard and then follows him down a rabbit hole. Although marketed as a children’s story, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland has remained a mainstay with child renRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Alice s Adventures 824 Words   |  4 Pagesmost are familiar with the story of Alice in Wonderland. Admittedly, most are more familiar with the Disney movie, than the actual book. The movie and book are captivating in their imagination, and bare some striking similarities. The movie and the book have many differences. The movie has a different medium and can convey differently than the book. 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This novel tells the story of a girl named Alice who enters a bizarre world called Wonderland, which she initially cannot comprehend because she lacks knowledge of this world and her place in it, Thus, Alice takes a journey through this world to understand both it and herself. SomeRead MoreThe Big And Small Of It All2443 Words   |  10 PagesCarroll Carroll 6 The Big and Small of It All Lewis Carroll?s novel, Alice?s Adventures in Wonderland, has captivated readers for decades. From England?s Victorian Age to the present-day, Carroll?s work remains a priceless treasure for all who have fallen in love with Alice and become immersed in the world of Wonderland. Although Lewis Carroll?s Alice?s Adventures in Wonderland is classified as children?s fantasy, the novel also explores the difficulties adolescents face as they mature, includingRead MoreAlice s Wonderland, By Lewis Carroll1659 Words   |  7 Pagesin the night? Let me think: was I the same when I got up this morning? I almost think I can remember feeling a little different. But if I m not the same, the next question is, who in the world am I? Ah, THAT S the great puzzle! † (Carroll) This quote is from the author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll. He was man that had a passion for many different professions and hobbies. Carroll did not let one profession define him. Every day he decided who he wanted to be and how he was goingRead MoreExamples Of Marxism In Alices Adventures In Wonderland2067 Words   |  9 Pagestoday s society, the Marxist principle is more right than relevant, therefore, the point is to bring a revolution to create a perfect utopian society as there seems to be no significant adjustments in the 21st century. Though the monarch system seems rather concluded, the ruling class in present societies continues to maintain its power over the working class with its intellectual ideas and by suggesting common beliefs that are shared amongst all the citizens of the society. In Alice s AdventuresRead MoreThemes And Explanations Of Tasmania s Museum Of Old And New Art s New Exhibit The Red Queen1331 Words   |  6 PagesBroody â€Æ' â€Å"IF I HAD A WORLD OF MY OWN, EVERYTHING WOULD BE NONSENSE. NOTHING WOULD BE WHAT IT IS, BECAUSE EVERYTHING WOULD BE WHAT IT ISN T. AND CONTRARY WISE, WHAT IS, IT WOULDN T BE. AND WHAT IT WOULDN T BE, IT WOULD. YOU SEE?† ALICE - LEWIS CARROL (ALICE S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS QUOTES, N.D.) This essay will explore the themes and explanations of Tasmania’s Museum of Old and New Art’s new exhibit ‘The Red Queen’ and a chosen piece, ‘Deluxe Suicide Service’, 1994;Read MoreJ. M. Barrie s Peter Pan And Lewis Carroll s Alice s Adventure Essay2118 Words   |  9 PagesJ. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan and Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland-Comparison Analysis In what follows is a comparison analysis from the original historical text of, J.M Barrie’s Peter Pan and Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland that have both been adapted to film providing examples of similarities as well as the differences. Firstly, J.M. Barrie’s Peter Pan and Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland are both children’s literature which resonates with children asRead More «Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland »7735 Words   |  31 PagesMINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE IVAN FRANKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LVIV ENGLISH DEPARTMENT LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC DEVICES IN LEWIS CAROLL’S NOVEL  «ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND » COURSE PAPER PRESENTED BY

A Research On Special Education Essay - 1356 Words

#327325 Special Education Instructor Institution Date of Submission Special Education The significance of theory in examination can t be belittled. What s more, research requires a sound hypothetical premise and solid approach. There are three reasons why theories are important; first it gives a structure to examination, gives an effective system to field advancement, and lastly it gives an unmistakable clarification to the businesslike world. Hypothesis must be connected in all domains and fields for successful run-through. Learning speculations, be it in construction, behavior or functionalisms improve procedure and give direction. Despite the fact that the hypotheses may not be uniformly connected across the fields, the speculations are relevant and improve learning in the long run. From the teacher s point of view or teaching architect, this implies some extremely watchful thought of exactly what finishes or results are craved. Hypothesis sets an arrangement and also a way to achieve the objective and end. Gagne s nine stage model specifically se ts a reasonable way for fruitful direction. Without hypothesis, guideline goes to pieces and is at last deficient. Hypothesis gives association and experimental support. Theory also provides several other important things. Not only does it lend credibility to the teaching and practice, it also tells instructional designers and teachers how to effectively present materials in a wayShow MoreRelatedWhile Doing Research For My Special Education Interview,1575 Words   |  7 PagesWhile doing research for my special education interview, I wanted to focus on parent Parentship skills. The true recipe of a great parent partnership comes from trust, respect and communication. The collaboration of a true parent partnership allows both the teachers and parents to be able to work as a team to provide the student the best personalized education. This year, I have started as new special education teacher in two half day, integrated preschool classrooms for Thompson Valley School DistrictRead MoreA Research Based Method That Will Help At Risk And Special Education Students841 Words   |  4 PagesThis research proposal will use action methodology to find research based method that will help at-risk and special education students that struggle in math especially with the new Common Core standards. Topic Many states and parents are in turmoil over the Common Core standards. There are many misunderstandings about the Common Core that makes it hard for school districts to implement without resistance from the local population. The Common Core came about because a group of Governors were discussingRead MoreTaking a Look at Special Education879 Words   |  4 Pages Special education is an ethically and politically complex area of professional education (Paul, French, Cranston-Gingras, 2001). Critics have claimed that special education does not benefit student with disabilities and should be renounced for ethical reasons (Gartner Lipsky, 1989). Others assert that special education is unethical because it stigmatizes and segregates minority students and violates the rights of children (Grossman, 1998; Granger Granger, 1986). On the other hand, proponentsRead MoreSpecial Education Students Placement and Performance Outcomes on Math Assessments1508 Words   |  7 Pagespassage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). This act required that procedures be enacted that would protect the rights of disabled children and assure that to the extent appropriate handicapped children are educated with children who are not handicapped and that the removal of handicapped children from the regular educational environment occurs only when the nature or severity of that handicap is such that education in regularRead MoreThe Importance of Education for Children with Disability Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesEducation and Disability INTRODUCTION The importance of education for all children, especially for those with disability and with limited social and economic opportunities, is indisputable. Indeed, the special education system allowed children with disability increased access to public education. Apart from that, the special education system has provided for them an effective framework for their education, and for the institutions involved to identify children with disability sooner. In turn, thisRead MoreReflection of the Practicum1362 Words   |  5 Pagesachievement. Research based means that there has been researched, but does not definitely imply success or achievement. Evidence and research based are used often to convey the same meaning, yet evidence based, as I gather, implies there has been research and there is evidence that substantiates the research. Research based means the practices are based in research, and research alone. Research based instruction at least meets the needs of the students and may in turn be used in subsequent research. ScientificallyRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesstructuring the education system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of students with special needs in the general education classroom . The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools throughout the United States rages on. The number of students with speci al needs thatRead MoreChildhood Parents And Special Education961 Words   |  4 Pagesassistance or accommodation; particularly when entering school. These children can be recommended for special education. Being placed in special education affords children the opportunity to learn at their own pace with all the specific support they need. The children’s needs are met with guidance, patience, and scaffolding. Early childhood parents often have negative perceptions towards special education; resulting in the delay or impediment of their child receiving services. In this author’s experienceRead MoreFinding the Right Path Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesFinding the Right Path INTRODUCTION I have chosen to research about my future. I know that I want to major somewhere in Special education, but I am not sure where. I am going to research becoming a special education teacher and becoming a speech pathologist. Both are right down my path, but I am unsure of which suits me better. I am senior; therefore, this research is critical to the next step of my life. As of right now, I know a little about becoming a teacher. I have taken a class, Future EducatorsRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities1173 Words   |  5 Pagesstructuring the education system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of students with special needs in the general education classroom. The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools through out the United States rages on. The number of students with special needs that

Enron And Its Impact On Enron Essay - 1792 Words

Introduction: Enron was America’s seventh largest corporation. Enron rose to dramatic heights only to face a tremendous collapse. Enron was ‘America’s most innovative Company’ and it shocked the world by the biggest bankruptcy of that time. Enron was formed in 1985 following a merger between Houston Natural Gas Company and InterNorth Inc. of Omaha (Investopedia, 2016). Enron’s collapse affected lives of thousands of employees. When Enron was at lifetime high, it’s share prices were at $ 90.75, but that fell to a low of $ 0.67 in January 2002 following its bankruptcy (BBC News, 2002). It is really a wonder how such a powerful and innovative business disintegrated overnight and managed to dupe the regulators with the help of fake books of records and off the books transactions for such a long period of time. Enron presented the picture that it was a great Company with remarkable revenue however that was actually not the case, a huge part of Enron’s pro fit was fabricated. This was facilitated by masterfully designed accounting and morally questionable acts. Concealing losses contributed to a huge problem and by late 2001, the company was declared insolvent. There were countless factors which affected Enron’s journey to the top and its abrupt fall. In this case study, we will analyze the related party transactions that the company entered into which were questionable, evaluate the accounting firm’s logic and the errors and proposed rules to avoid any such fraud in future.Show MoreRelatedEnron And Its Impact On Enron s Downfall Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract recent collapses of high profile business failures like Enron,Worldcom,Parmlat,and Tycohasbeen a subject of great debate among regulators, investors, government and academics in the recent past. Enron’s case was the greatest failure in the history of American capitalism and had a major impact on financial markets by causing significant losses to investors. Enron was a company ranked by Fortune as the most innovative company in the United States; it exemplified the transition from the productionRead MoreEnron s Impact On Enron1554 Words   |  7 Pages1985, two companies, Houston Natural Gas, and InterNorth merged to form Enron. Kenneth Lay wanted to create a company that can supply electricity and natural gas at a much lower price. As time went on, Enron ranked as the nation’s sixth largest energy company with global internet trading commodities in plastics, steel, petrochemicals and waste water to name a few (Fusaro, 2000, p. 157). From the time they merged to form En ron up to the point of their collapse, Enron’s executive committee had squanderedRead MoreEnrons Impact On Enron1417 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' Many questioned how Enron made its money as no one could verify their revenue that they continually raised each quarter. Even with these questions in the back of people s minds, they continued to believe Enron s executives. Enron was an U.S. energy-trading and utilities company that housed one of the biggest accounting frauds in history. Enron s executives employed accounting practices that falsely inflated the company s revenues, which, at the height of the scandal, made the firm becomeRead MoreThe Impact of Ethics on the Enron Corporation2018 Words   |  9 Pages In 2001, Enron was the fifth largest company on the Fortune 500. Enron was also the market leader in energy production, distribution, and trading. However, Enron s unethical accounting practices have left the company in joint chapter 11 bankruptcy. This bankruptcy has caused many problems among many individuals. Enron s employees and retirees are suffering because of the bankruptcy. Wall Street and investors have taken a major downturn do to the company s unethical practices. Enron s competitorsRead MoreEnron And Its Impact On Enron s Corporate Bankruptcy Essay1811 Words   |  8 Pages Enron was founded in 1985 by Kenneth Lay and by the mid 90s under the tutelage of Jeff Skilling, it was being touted as a revolutionary company that was destined to change the face of business and the energy industry. However, by 2001 it became clear that Enron’s astronomical growth and sustained profitability was built upon fraudulent grounds. The company was stashing debt but continued to report profits. Employees were taking huge risk and gambling exorbitant amounts and many were outright stealingRead MoreEnron Scandal And Its Impact On The Economy Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron scandal was the largest corporate financial scandal ever when it emerged. It took the economy the better part of a year to recover from the damage the Enron controversy caused to the US as a whole. Enron is not fully responsible, but it was a large contributor to the collapse of the stock market in the early 2000’s. In the year following the 9/11 hit to our country and economy the DOW lost close to 4500 points; down to 7500 from a lmost 12000, it did gain some back, but considering the greatRead More The Impact Of Ethics On The Enron Corporation Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pagesimportant to have especially in the business world. Ethics is the unwritten laws or rules defined by human nature; ethics is something people encounter as a child learning the differences between right and wrong. In 2001, Enron was the fifth largest company on the Fortune 500. Enron was also the market leader in energy production, distribution, and trading. However, Enrons unethical accounting practices have left the company in joint chapter 11 bankruptcy. This bankruptcy has caused many problems amongRead MoreThe Impact Of Enron s Corporate Culture1950 Words   |  8 PagesVarying Impacts Enron’s corporate culture had a great deal to do with the benefits it gave to its employees as well as its top managers beginning with overlooking unethical behavior as long as it provided monetary value. Their corporate culture is described as arrogant, and rightfully so, by the end of 2000 Enron had become the sixth largest energy company in the world (United States Government Publishing Office, 2003, p. 67). This mindset of superiority and pride lead employees to believe they couldRead MoreThe Enron Scandal And Its Impact On The Business World1320 Words   |  6 Pagescan often times become a second priority behind the gaining of profits and success as a company. This is the controversial issue that led to the Enron scandal and ultimately the fall of this company. Enron Corporation was an energy company, and in the peaks of their success, they were the top supplier of natural gas and electricity throughout America. Enron Corporation came about from a merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Houston Natural Gas was a gas providing company formed in HoustonRead MoreEnron And Its Impact On Corporate Business Practices1124 Words   |  5 PagesEnron Enron is a company infamous for one of the largest scandals in American corporate history. Over twenty thousand employees and thousands of outside investors had billions of dollars worth of shares in the company that positioned the company to be valuated at about 70 billion dollars with shares trading at about 90 dollars a share in 2001. However, from August to November 2001 Enron s stock value dropped to $0.26, and those who had invested in Enron lost billions of dollars within a couple

Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact System. Answer: Introduction Whether an individual notices or not, at some stage of their life, they negotiate, and this makes every person a negotiator. Negotiation can be stated as an obvious aspect of the life of every individual, whether the same is about negotiating with different consumers, so that they can attain the services or products being offered, or negotiating the rent of an apartment, negotiation is such an aspect, which is commonly found in the daily lives of people (Salacuse, 2013, p. 3). And whilst the same is present at such a common level, its significance can be noticed when the Management negotiations are carried on at crucial levels, for instance, a negotiation between a member of the United States with that of a member of United Nations, for an adoption or any other aspect of the guidelines provided by the United Nation. An effective negotiation can make the entire case, and an ineffective one, can ruin the entire matter (Benoliel, 2014, p. 197). Lewicki et al (2011) stated that negotiation cannot be deemed as a process which is simply reserved for the ardent advocate for an organized lobby, skilled diplomat or top salesperson. Instead, he stated that negotiation is something, which is carried on in a daily manner by everyone. However, this statement raises a question on whether the negotiation skills are same at each and every place? Or whether with the level of sophistication or the intricacy of matter, the negotiations change? In the following parts, a discussion has been carried on to critically evaluate this very statement made by Lewicki. This has been done to establish, that even though, every aspect of life is covered with negotiations, the level of negotiation skills are changed with the circumstances of a particular case. However, before the same can be done, the very basic meaning of negotiation has been clarified. What is Negotiation? Negotiation can be defined as such a process whereby two or more than two parties communicate with each other, where each of the parties has their own goal. These communications present the respective perspective of each party and depict their interests. And ultimately, through compromises and concessions, an agreement is reached between the parties and a decision is made. This entire process is known as negotiation (Chaturvedi, 2011, p. 200). So, under negotiations, an agreement is attained which best suits the aims and objectives of both the parties, where both the parties lose some points and gain some, in a mutually beneficial way. It can also be stated as a manner of reaching a solution to the problem between two or more disputants (Dwyer, 2012, p. 83). And until the dispute remains unresolved, the negotiation process cannot come to an end. The process of negotiation can better be explained with the help of an example. Suppose two individual want to have the container full of rare and precious mangos for themselves, but they do not want to use the method of violence to reach a decision. In such situation, these two individuals would open up a communications channel between them and reach the terms which best suit them. This could be a 50-50 distribution of the mangos, or any other arrangement, which they both agree upon in a mutually non-violent manner. So, negotiations are the more civilized manner of resolving a matter. By adopting this process the common interest of the parties are achieved in the most fruitful manner. And as the interests are mutually decided upon, long term relationships are attained through effective negotiation process. Negotiations not only help in resolving an issue, but also in reaching a beneficial agreement without the presence of a dispute (Fells, 2009, p. 4). There are four kinds of negotiations and it is essential to determine the suitable form of negotiation, as each of them requires a different strategy. Descriptive Negotiation- this form of negotiation is also known as Management competitive or claiming value approach, which states that one party can win at the expense of the other party. The significant concern related to this approach is that both the parties aim at maximizing their respective interests. This form of approach requires a person to obtain advantage through concealing information or by using manipulative and misleading conduct to obtain information regarding the concealed information. The negotiator must influence the beliefs of the other person and obtain information about the person. Lose-lose Approach- this negotiation approach is adopted when one of the partners believe that his own interests are threatened, he ensures that the consequence of the negotiation is not suitable to the other party as well. Therefore, in this approach, both the parties end up as losers at the end of negotiation. Hence, it is the most undesirable negotiation approach. Compromise Approach- This form of approach aims at improving the outcome of the lose-lose strategy. This form requires both the parties to compromise and convince each other and settle down for a common solution that would enable both the parties to achieve their own respective interests or objectives. Integrative Approach- this form of approach is also called creative value or collaborative approach and is deemed superior to all other forms of negotiation approaches. This approach makes both the parties believe that they are capable of attaining their respective interests. The major concern of this approach is to maximize joint outcomes and the most appropriate strategies include cooperation, sharing information and mutual problem-solving objectives. This negotiation approach is the most desirable approach. Stages of Negotiations Broadly, there are four phases of negotiations, i.e., the pre-negotiations phase, conceptualization, settling the details, and finally, the follow up. For the pre-negotiations stage a degree of preparation is needed before the negotiations actually begin. In this, the reasons for negotiating are determined firstly and then the specifics of the matter on which negotiations have to take place are decided. At this stage, as much as is possible, the information is collected and on the basis of this information, a picture is painted for the contentions which can be made by the other side, so that their goals, needs and motivations can be assessed. The next stage in the negotiation process relates to the conceptualization, where the foundation of the agreement is developed so that the issues are framed in a manner that even the most intricate details are considered. At this stage, the goals and objectives of each of the phase is defined through fact finding (Negotiations, 2017). Once these two stages have been effectively undertaken, the next step in the negotiation process is to set out the details. This is the stage where the agreement is completed and in this stage, the details of venture are completed. The problems which can be faced in the partnership, on the basis of reality are discussed so that the agreement can be workable, and viable. This is not easy as it sounds as the setting of details in a correct and meticulous manner is crucial. Often the negotiations collapse due to the failure of the parties in devoting the time and efforts in chalking out the details in an effective manner. The last stage is the follow up stage, where the problems are identified and at times, the contract is re-negotiated. Just signing of dotted line is not sufficient to finish negotiations, and a careful analysis of adherence to each and every aspect is crucial. Only when all these steps are properly undertaken, can a negotiation process end (Crump, 2007). Linkage Theory and Negotiations As per Crump (2007), linkage theory can be defined as the manner in which the negotiations influence or the manner in which determines the outcome or the process of the other. This theory helps in gaining an effective insight over the relationship between the negotiation, and the pertinent environment. A single negotiation has the power of different outcomes and for these outcomes, a number of different explanations can be provided, depending upon the variables. The environment in which the negotiations take place plays a key role in the process of negotiations. The environmental factors have the power of advancing, halting, supporting and even suspending the negotiations. And this relationship between the environment and the negotiations outcome is explained through the linkage theory (Maggi, 2016). Negotiations are quite hard to start, and even more difficult to maintain, as well as, conclude. Hence, linking the process of negotiations to something with momentum is of high importance and is a technique that has utility. For understanding the relationship between the particular negotiation and its relevant environment, the negotiation linkage process to be a useful conceptual tool. The EU-Mercosure or the NAFTA negotiations did not take place on their own and they did not initiate the EU-Chile and US-Chile negotiations on their own too, respectively. However, each one of them played a crucial role in this process (Devereaux, Lawrence and Watkins, 2006). State of affairs can be designed or may evolve in particular environment, which results in creating of an action, which forces events like the deadlines (Watkins, 1998). However, the state of affairs also has the power of obstructing the negotiations process, through the issue linkage (Tollison and Willett, 1979). Hence, linkages can be deemed as the most effective in initiating and finishing the stages of negotiations. This is because this is the place where the opportunities are created initially, and are secured finally. Though, the linkage challenges and opportunities can be observed throughout the process of negotiations. BATNA refers to Best Alternative To a Management Negotiated Agreement, which was a term given in 1981 by Roger Fisher and William Ury, in their bestseller book. BATNAs are considered as critical tool for negotiation as it is believed that a wise decision with regards to a negotiation agreement cannot be made till such time, when the people involved in the negotiations are aware about the possible alternatives (Spangler, 2012). BATNA reveals such an alternative course of action which is the most advantageous for a party, in case where an agreement cannot be reached or where the negotiations fail. A successful negotiator knows that they are the driving force behind their success. BATNAs allow the parties to avoid such agreements which are worse for them, where these alternatives are available. However, it becomes crucial to make certain that the deal has been valued in a proper manner, after considering all the facts like toe likelihood of other party to undertake their side of bargain , and the value of relationship and time (Brett, 2007). Instead of viewing these as a safety net, the negotiators view BATNA as a point of leverage in the negotiations. For BATNA to be adopted, it has to be actionable and real, and due to the lack of these being actionable in reality, the parties often do not invest in BATNA. A successful negotiator needs to be aware about the manner in which BATNA has to be used, along with the techniques which could give best results under this. So, on one hand the soft style may be used for avoiding the conflict or for compromising, and on the other hand, an aggressive and threatening technique representing a hard negotiation style can be adopted (Barsky, 2017). Three suggestive had been given by the authors in their bestselling book to denote the manner in which BATNA could be accomplished. The first one was related to the invention of a list of actions, which could be taken by an individual, in case an agreement is not attained. The second one was related to the conversion of promising ideas into partial or tangible alternatives. And the last suggestion was related to the selection of the best sounding alternative. The culture also plays a significant role in the negotiation process and under BATNA, which has been discussed in the upcoming section. Negotiation Skills: Same Everywhere? The statement made by Lewicki et al (2011) denoted the presence of negotiations at every stage of life. And this is very true, as demonstrated from the examples put forward earlier. However, the negotiations skills are changed widely due to the scenario in which they take place, or the level of the matter for which they are used. In the international business, negotiations are a common parlance. The parties who are involved in negotiations have to face a lot of difficulties in attaining the desired outcome. One of the problems which crops up while the negotiations are carried on international level relates to the difference in cultural backgrounds (Chang, 2006). Culture is a set of values and beliefs. And this forms the basis for the perceptions, behavior, expectations, assumptions and the values in the people (Javidan and House, (2001). By effectively perceiving these differences, based on the particular cases, the negotiators can effectively close a deal. When the international business takes place, the culture of the different nations, acts as a contributory factor in the intricacies of negotiation process. The representatives of international business closely analyze the properties, differences and the traditions which are followed in the nations, with which they prepare to form business transactions or partnerships (Peleckis, 2013). For this purpose the analysis of cultural dimensions, the cultural differences proves very helpful as it helps in conveying the critical incompatibilities which are present amongst the parties. And in this regard, the Hofstede's cultural dimensions analysis is used as it helps in designing the international business negotiation process as the same conveys the difference between the various dimensions in a culture of the negotiating parties (Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov, 2010). At the international level, the negotiations are faced with a range of differences in the cultures, the power placement, and the emotional differences between the parties, a long-term attitude towards communications, and the various other uncertainties (Peleckis, 2013). The intercultural differences dimensions have the power of influencing the negotiation process amongst the different cultures representatives. There can be a presence of different understanding to the actions or symbols in different cultures. Hence, it becomes crucial to initiate the business negotiations at the international level when all the requisites have been gathered and properly acquainted with the cultural features. In case, such is not possible, a mediator, who is an expert in the culture of a particular nation, could be taken help of (Peleckis, 2013). For instance, the swastika sign is considered as a sign of religion in India and the same is also a symbol used by the Nazi Party (Voorst, 2014, p. 66; Issitt and Main, 2014). So, if this symbol is criticized in front of a Hindu, them the same could prove fatal for the negotiations taking place in front of a Hindu in India. And the same may prove as helpful in case of dealings with a German national. The case study which was carried out between one global Dutch company and two of its local subsidiaries located in Korea and Japan revealed the complexity of the negotiations between the subsidiaries and their head office. In this case, the barrier of culture was coupled with the lack of cultural awareness. And along with these issues, the influencers between the two parties, the organization, the relationship and the atmosphere also contributed towards the complexities in negotiations. The last part affirms the role of linkage theory in negotiations (Fjellstrm, 2005). In this study, it was held that the culture was of utmost important for the cross Management cultural negotiation with the head office of the subsidiary. And this very cultural gap reaffirms the need of negotiations. These negotiations help the parties in understanding the manner in which they communicate and ultimately understand each other. It was also held that the organization also had the power to influence the negotiations. The culture of the organization was deemed as important for the subsidiaries in other nations, so that they could strive and work for the same organization as their main drive. But, the difficulty in attaining a strong organizational culture, which is over the national culture, remains a barrier (Fjellstrm, 2005). The international business relationships success is dependent upon the effective business negotiations. And this is the reason why the negotiators have to be properly prepared. By understanding the manner in which the desired outcomes can be attained, along with the factors which are relevant to this entire process, helps the negotiator in being more successful. The negotiation process and the outcomes, as are perceived by the International and Thai business negotiations, with regards to the cross-cultural international business negations were analyzed through a study conducted in Thailand. A questionnaire was used in this regard, which focused upon the positive retrospective negotiations experience and this was sent across too the executives who were working in Thailand (Numprasertchai and Swierczek, 2006). The result of this questionnaire highlighted the significance of the successful cross-cultural negotiators in the performance, as well as in the future-oriented prospects. This study also highlighted that protocol and tactics do not have much emphasis in successful experiences. Instead, the relationship orientation and information focus act as the key factors in defining the success in both the international and the Thai negotiators. It was also established in this study that the emphasis over the specific time orientation is significantly more for the international business negotiators in comparison to the Thai counterparts (Numprasertchai and Swierczek, 2006). The emphasis of culture can most commonly be noticed in the Chinese reference. For a negotiation to be successful in China, the same has to be conducted in a manner which can be deemed as acceptable in China and to the Chinese people. For doing this, a successful negotiator needs to know the ways to influence the side of Chinese and the awareness regarding their cultural dynamics. The European negotiators are required to have the awareness regarding the prevalent negotiation characteristics of patience, Guanxi network, ambiguity, status, friendship, trust and face. This is crucial for avoiding the misunderstandings or tensions, which can otherwise be brought forward while dealing with the people of the nation (Woo and Prud'homme, 1999). The negotiations in China are never an easy task. The people departing for China, especially the European business people, are most commonly advised that they need to be polite as the Chinese people value good relationships and harmony. Even though these warnings are given, when these individuals reach China, and initiate the negotiations, they have to face the fierce adversarial bargaining, which lacks the politeness, as well as, the considerations which the European negotiators expected (Blackman, 1997). Further, it is often noted that the Chinese negotiators are not only shrewd but also experienced in the art of effectively using the timing and of psychology (Gordon, 1986). This highlights the success on part of the Chinese negotiators and the lack of experience on part of the too cautious European business negotiators. It has been argued that it is crucial to have a relationship between cultural knowledge and the communication skills (McCall and Warrington, 1989). Though, negotiations are not merely a sole skill or a combination of skills. Broadly, negotiation is such a process which occurs in a specific context. For instance, a negotiator, in every scenario needs to have good communication skills, along with the knowledge of stating their points with precision; this is a common skill. However, when negotiations are done with Chinese people, their perception of justice, their customs and their philosophy is to be kept in mind while negotiating; and this brings forward a specific skill set (Wong-Scollon, and Scollon, 1990). Conclusion Negotiations are a manner of resolving the conflicts which take place between two or more parties and is even helpful in cases where a matter has to be decided upon, in absence of a dispute. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that for the success of negotiations process, merely the knowledge of business is not sufficient and instead, a good grasp over the difference in cultural backgrounds of the individual has to be understood. BATNA is one of the alternatives which can be used as an alternative to the negotiations; though, a lot of skill is needed to undertake this technique. The linkage theory proves as helpful in cases of negotiations as it helps in understanding the impact of the environment or the atmosphere over the negotiations. This theory helps in ascertaining the challenges and opportunities which a negotiator has in a particular scenario, which allows the negotiators to make the most of it. The discussion also highlighted the manner in which the cross cultural differences play a major role in negotiations process. The example of the Chinese negotiators has highlighted the reason for their success; they have formed a perception of being polite and harmony. To conclude, even though negotiations are present in every sphere of life, in the international business context, they become very complex and definitely are not the same everywhere. References Anglin, A. (2014) Happy Birthday, Adolf. Daily Stormer. [Online] Available from: https://www.dailystormer.com/happy-birthday-adolf/ [Accessed on: 17/05/17] Barsky, A.E. (2017) Conflict Resolution for the Helping Professions: Negotiation, Mediation, Advocacy, Facilitation, and Restorative Justice. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Benoliel, M. (2014) Negotiation Excellence: Successful Deal Making. 2nd ed. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd. Blackman, C. (1997) Negotiating China: Case Studies and Strategies. 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Irregularities essay Essay Example

Irregularities essay Paper Irregularities is the name of the short story by Courtney Jones in this story we are introduced to an affair betwen a Doctor and his assistant. The Doctor, better knowned as James Soleander, lives a highclass life which he can afford since he is a well payed doctor. He has nice shoes and weares cashmere sweaters something that the narrator never really had contact with until she started working for him. They are from two differente stages in society. The narrator says that James Soloanders office is furnished better than her apartment and one can only imagine the state her appartment is in or imagine the amount of money that James Soleander is in possession of. James Soleander is a doctor and he is attracted to the narrators heartbeat which is irregular and it is fascinating to him since he is a doctor and he says that therei s art in imperfection and that true beauty lies in naturei s mistakes. Through out the short story the narrator gets more and more annoyed at James because she is carrying his baby and he dosent even notice that she is pregnate. We will write a custom essay sample on Irregularities essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Irregularities essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Irregularities essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But then again how should he? She hasent even told him that she is pregnate. Their affair started of when James examined the narratori s heartbeat and he got attracted to her right away, or more correctly her irregular heartbeat. He had bought the narrator two gifts which she has on her desk. The narrator knows that James has a wife but that dosent stop her from dreaming of a future with him as his wife and she imagines a big white wedding that her sister could coordinate. James has a jacket of cashemere that the narrator use to put around her shoulders to feel the softness of the fabric but one day he starts to take the jacket home every night and the narrator can no longer enjoy the soft jacket warming her. This can be seen as a symbol for their relationsship. James Soleander is pulling himself more away from her and starts to make their relationship less affectionately, more like a boss/sectretary affair as it started out to be. This story contains many themes such as affairs, infidelity, motherhood, and most of all lies. The narrator feels a very strong connection to her baby that she is carrying inside, so much that the baby have decided that its mother no longer can enjoy onions. Unfortunately after three months of pregancy she discovers that she might not be able to hold onto the baby. Her world crumbles and she tells James about it his only comment is that he is sorry. Her only comfort is that now she can return to her short-lived relationship with the baby, smoking and drinking and ordering her food with onions. All of which dosent seem much as a comfort considering the joy that the narrator has expressed about this baby. Some images that keeps recurring is the image of the onions. I see the onions as a symbol of the baby. Onions is something new to the narrator like being pregnate is a new thing to her as well. She ordered a sanwich wihout onions but she got them anyway. She has an affair with a married man but she had never wished to get pregnate however as we have read that wasent the case. Her lifes inspiration seems to come from womenis magazines apparentely she dosent have the confidente of making her own dicisions and she turns to the magazine too guide her. The story is build up around the narratori s pregnacy. She crosses the line of a boss and secratary affair when she starts dreaming about a future for him and her and their baby knowing that he has a wife she complety ignores the fact that he is already taken and she is merely a fling to him. The more she gets aware of the baby the more James takes less interest in her. It could be that his sexual interest in her gets smaller because he can sense that she wants more out of this affair. At the endning of the story the narrator ask James for advice about a heartburn she has. He tells her that heartburn has nothing to do with the heart at all and that is a gastrointestinal matter. With that said we can see that their affair is over and he wants nothing to do with her anymore. Because he is a heartdoctor and heartburn has nothing to do with the heart. Futhermore he laughs at her while he walks away as if she is stupid for thinking that heartburn has anything to do with the heart.